Cavities are the number one cause of tooth loss, so it is important to know how to identify them, prevent them and ultimately, treat them. ​ Known as, ‘tooth decay’ in medical terms, cavities are the most common dental malady and the second most common health condition, after the common cold (according to the National Institute of Health). ​ Fortunately, they can be discovered in early stages and treated, so as not to cause any problems in the future.